****DO FILE CREATED BY SARA NIEDZWIECKI**** ****REPLICATION OF CHAPTER 4: UNEVEN SOCIAL POLICIES**** ****MARCH 2017**** ******************************************************************************* *********************BRAZIL**************************************************** ******************************************************************************* use BR_ONLINE.dta, clear tsset idn year *********CREATE NEW VARIABLES*************************************************** gen opposition=0 replace opposition=1 if opposition_parties==2 gen middle=0 replace middle=1 if opposition_parties==1 gen aligned=0 replace aligned=1 if opposition_parties==0 gen professionals_health_pc = professionals_health / population gen density = population / area gen trans_states_pc = trans_total_states / population gen trans_mun_pc = trans_total_mun/population gen hospital_sp_pc = hospital_spending / population gen hospital_sp_pbi = hospital_spending / pbg_current *******BIVARIATE REGRESSIONS**************************************************** reg esf_target_coverage opposition_parties reg bf_perc_cov_cadun opposition_parties ********************BOLSA FAMILIA MAIN REGRESSIONS****************************** *A xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// gdp_per_capita /// birhom /// ideology /// distance_capital_km /// , c(psar1) nocon *B xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// ideology /// time_trend /// distance_capital_km /// , c(psar1) nocon *C xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// ideology /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *D xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// peti_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *E xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// peti_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon ********************ESF REGRESIONS********************************************** *E xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// professionals_health_pc /// hospital_sp_pbi /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// , c(psar1) nocon *D xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// hospital_sp_pbi /// distance_capital_km /// density /// , c(psar1) nocon *C xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// hospital_sp_pbi /// , c(psar1) nocon *B xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// informality1 /// hospital_sp_pc /// , c(psar1) nocon *A xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// hospital_beds /// , c(psar1) nocon *********************SUMMARY STATISTICS**************************************** *Summary stats after 1998 drop if esf_target_coverage == 0 drop if esf_target_coverage == . sum bf_perc_cov_cadun /// esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// professionals_health_pc /// public_hospital_beds /// hospital_beds /// hospital_sp_pbi /// hospital_sp_pc /// peti_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend **********ROBUSTNESS TESTS****************************************************** **********Hausman Test **ESF xtreg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// hospital_sp_pbi /// , fe estimates store firstesf xtreg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// hospital_sp_pbi /// , re hausman firstesf ., sigmamore xtreg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// informality1 /// hospital_sp_pc /// , fe estimates store secondesf xtreg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// informality1 /// hospital_sp_pc /// , re hausman secondesf ., sigmamore xtreg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// hospital_beds /// , fe estimates store fourthesf xtreg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// hospital_beds /// , re hausman fourthesf ., sigmamore **********Multicollinearity **BF quietly reg bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// peti_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend vif quietly reg esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// professionals_health_pc /// hospital_sp_pbi /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density vif *time_trend and gdp_per_capita VIF higher than 10 so run the regression excluding these variables: xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// professionals_health_pc /// hospital_sp_pbi /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// , c(psar1) nocon **********Jacknife with each individual state xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// peti_coverage /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon, /// if idn != 27 xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// gdp_per_capita /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// professionals_health_pc /// hospital_sp_pbi /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// , c(psar1) nocon, /// if idn != 27 **********Substitute GDP for electricity consumption **BOLSA FAMILIA xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// kwhpc /// poverty_rate /// ideology /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// peti_coverage /// kwhpc /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse bf_perc_cov_cadun /// opposition middle /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// public_hospital_beds /// esf_target_coverage /// peti_coverage /// kwhpc /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon **ESF xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// kwhpc /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// professionals_health_pc /// hospital_sp_pbi /// trans_states_pc /// trans_mun_pc /// distance_capital_km /// density /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse esf_target_coverage /// opposition middle /// time_trend /// birhom /// roads_paved_perc /// hospital_beds /// bf_perc_cov_cadun_zero /// kwhpc /// poverty_rate /// informality1 /// ideology /// hospital_sp_pbi /// distance_capital_km /// density /// , c(psar1) nocon ******************************************************************************** ********************ARGENTINA*************************************************** ******************************************************************************** clear use ARG_ONLINE.dta, clear tsset idn year drop if year== . *********CREATE NEW VARIABLES*************************************************** gen poverty_tot = povn2 * population_estimate / 100 gen auh_poverty = auh_coverage / poverty_tot * 100 gen auh_poverty_zero = auh_coverage_zero / poverty_tot * 100 gen pbg_p_c = pbg / population_estimate gen copa_cte04_pc = copa_cte04 / population_estimate gen provincial_taxes_pc = provincial_taxes / population_estimate gen health_centers_pc = health_centers / population_estimate gen professionals_health_pc = professionals_health / population_estimate *******BIVARIATE REGRESSIONS**************************************************** reg auh_poverty opposition reg plan_nacer_tracers opposition *****************AUH MAIN REGRESSIONS (2009-2015)******************************* *A xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *B xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *C xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// , c(psar1) nocon *D xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// , c(psar1) nocon *E xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd /// , c(psar1) nocon ************************PLAN NACER MAIN REGRESSIONS(2008-2014)****************** *A xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// auh_poverty_zero /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *B xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// pbg_p_c /// auh_poverty_zero /// paved_roads /// , c(psar1) nocon *C xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// , c(psar1) nocon *D xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// , c(psar1) nocon *E xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// professionals_health_pc /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// , c(psar1) nocon *********************SUMMARY STATISTICS**************************************** sum auh_poverty drop if plan_nacer_tracers == . sum plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom pbg_p_c paved_roads /// time_trend /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// distance_capital_km population_density_interpolated /// employment_program_pjjhd /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// health_centers_pc pubsphci health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// professionals_health_pc /// copa_cte04_pc provincial_taxes_pc **********ROBUSTNESS TESTS****************************************************** **********Hausman Test *RELOAD DATASET clear use ARG_ONLINE.dta tsset idn year drop if year== . gen poverty_tot = povn2 * population_estimate / 100 gen auh_poverty = auh_coverage / poverty_tot * 100 gen auh_poverty_zero = auh_coverage_zero / poverty_tot * 100 gen pbg_p_c = pbg / population_estimate gen copa_cte04_pc = copa_cte04 / population_estimate gen provincial_taxes_pc = provincial_taxes / population_estimate gen health_centers_pc = health_centers / population_estimate gen professionals_health_pc = professionals_health / population_estimate **AUH xtreg auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// , fe estimates store firstauh xtreg auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// , re hausman firstauh ., sigmamore xtreg auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// , fe estimates store secondauh xtreg auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// , re hausman secondauh ., sigmamore **Plan Nacer xtreg plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// auh_poverty_zero /// time_trend /// , fe estimates store firstpn xtreg plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// auh_poverty_zero /// time_trend /// , re hausman firstpn ., sigmamore xtreg plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// pbg_p_c /// auh_poverty_zero /// paved_roads /// , fe estimates store secondpn xtreg plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// pbg_p_c /// auh_poverty_zero /// paved_roads /// , re hausman secondpn ., sigmamore **********Dropping La Pampa and Santa Cruz does not alter the results **AUH *La Pampa drop if idn == 11 *A xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *B xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *C xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// , c(psar1) nocon *D xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// , c(psar1) nocon *E xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd /// , c(psar1) nocon **Santa Cruz *RELOAD DATASET clear use ARG_ONLINE.dta tsset idn year drop if year== . gen poverty_tot = povn2 * population_estimate / 100 gen auh_poverty = auh_coverage / poverty_tot * 100 gen auh_poverty_zero = auh_coverage_zero / poverty_tot * 100 gen pbg_p_c = pbg / population_estimate gen copa_cte04_pc = copa_cte04 / population_estimate gen provincial_taxes_pc = provincial_taxes / population_estimate gen health_centers_pc = health_centers / population_estimate gen professionals_health_pc = professionals_health / population_estimate **AUH *Santa Cruz drop if idn == 20 *A xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *B xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon *C xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// pbg_p_c /// time_trend /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// , c(psar1) nocon *D xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// , c(psar1) nocon *E xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd /// , c(psar1) nocon **********Multicollinearity *RELOAD DATASET clear use ARG_ONLINE.dta tsset idn year drop if year== . gen poverty_tot = povn2 * population_estimate / 100 gen auh_poverty = auh_coverage / poverty_tot * 100 gen auh_poverty_zero = auh_coverage_zero / poverty_tot * 100 gen pbg_p_c = pbg / population_estimate gen copa_cte04_pc = copa_cte04 / population_estimate gen provincial_taxes_pc = provincial_taxes / population_estimate gen health_centers_pc = health_centers / population_estimate gen professionals_health_pc = professionals_health / population_estimate *AUH quietly reg auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd vif *pbg_p_c provincial_taxes_pc VIF higher than 10; re-run * regressions without these variables xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd /// , c(psar1) nocon **Plan Nacer quietly reg plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// professionals_health_pc /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc vif *pbg_p_c population_density_interpolated provincial_taxes_pc higher than 10 so re-run * regressions without these variables xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// distance_capital_km /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// professionals_health_pc /// copa_cte04_pc /// , c(psar1) nocon **********Jacknife with each individual province xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd /// , c(psar1) nocon, /// if idn != 24 xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// pbg_p_c /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// professionals_health_pc /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// , c(psar1) nocon, /// if idn != 24 **********Substitute GDP for electricity consumption **AUH xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// kwhpc /// time_trend /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// kwhpc /// time_trend /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// kwhpc /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse auh_poverty /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// plan_nacer_tracers /// kwhpc /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// underemployment_notdemanding_out /// employment_program_pjjhd /// , c(psar1) nocon ***PLAN NACER (2008-2014) xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// time_trend /// kwhpc /// auh_poverty_zero /// paved_roads /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// kwhpc /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// kwhpc /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// , c(psar1) nocon xtpcse plan_nacer_tracers /// opposition /// birhom /// paved_roads /// time_trend /// auh_poverty_zero /// kwhpc /// distance_capital_km /// population_density_interpolated /// health_centers_pc /// pubsphci /// health_notcovered_perc_2010_pol /// professionals_health_pc /// copa_cte04_pc /// provincial_taxes_pc /// , c(psar1) nocon